Roofing



March 14, 1939.

M, G. O`REILLY ROOFING Filed DeC. 14, 1956 Werf@ 5y @,@Ma MV Patented Mar. 14, 1939 ROOFING Martin G. oael'uy, chicago, nl.. assigner to Fora Roofing Products Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of` Illinois Application December 14, 193s, serial No. 115,700

5 Claims.

This invention relates to. roong and particularly to shingle roofing and the shingle units therefor, and among other objects aims to provide a shingled roof covering having improved protective qualities without sacrifice of economy or appearance.

The invention may be readily understood by reference to one illustrative embodiment thereof shown in the accompanying drawing.

In said drawing:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a shingled roof;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the roof illustrating the arrangement of the shingle units and the roof texture or appearance produced thereby;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken on the plane 3-3 of Fig. 2, illustrating the fastening of the shingle units; and

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a single shingle unit.

The invention is here shown embodied in what is known in the trade as Dutch-lap roofing. Such roofing is characterized by economy of roofing material; indeed, it produces a larger shingled area per unit of roofing material than any other practical form or arrangement of shingles.

While Dutch-lap roofing is widely used for the foregoing reasons, it is monotonous in appearance and does not afford a suflicient factor of safety against leakage, particularly in faulty or improper application. This is a major defect, since the roof when laid gives no visual evidence of faulty or improper application, thereby aording a temptation to applicators to cheat by reducing the amount of overlap in order to save shingles. These faults are inherent in the design. When the shingles are laid, the head lap and the side lap should not be less than a prescribed minimum which will prevent leakage under ordinary conditions. However, when laid, one cannot readily determine Whether the minimum requirements were-observed. Even with honest intentions, the Aapplicator cannot readily maintain alignment of the shingle courses and therefore periodically corrects for lack of alignment or Obliquity of the courses by decreasing the head lap or side lap in one or more courses, thereby leaving the roof vulnerable to leakage at these points.

These faults are overcome in the illustrative roofing, which is not only attractive in appearance but provides adequate protection against leakage without reduction in characteristic economy and which embodies means for preventing faulty and fraudulent application.

The illustrative shingle unit III is generally rec- (cl. iosa-s) tangular in shape and, as hereshown, is laid in the conventional Dutch-lap fashion, that is, with the shingles of each course II overlapped with a .side lap a and with each successive course overlapping the next lower course with a head lap b, to afford adequate protection against leakage. 'I'he side and head laps should not be less than a predetermined minimum. In the shingle 'unit here illustrated, in which the length of the lower exposed edge of the unit is about 18 inches and its depth about 12 inches, the side lap a should preferably be about 4 inches and the head lap b about /2 inches.

To prevent violation of the minimum overlap requirements, the shingle units are provided with gauging means which visually reveal a departure from the required overlap and which also greatly facilitate the proper laying and alignment of the shingle units and the shingle courses.

The aforesaid means are embodied in the units by changing the contour of the edge of the unit at the point representing the amount of lap. To control the side lap, the lower edge I2 of the shingle unit is, in this instance, offset as at I3 by an amount-equivalent to the side lap. Preferably, the opposite end of the lower edge of the unit is also similarly offset as at I4, so that the overlapping portions of the lower edges of adjacent shingles will bein alignment as at I5 (Fig. 2) to bring the shingles into relief and to provide contrasting shadow lines of double thickness,

thereby assisting in eliminating the monotony which has heretofore characterized Dutch-lap roofing and giving the roong the highly desired textured surface. The amount of offset of the ends of the lower edge of the shingles need not be great; in the present instance, it is about 1/2 inch. In laying the shingles, it is simply necessary to overlap their side edges to bring the edge I6 of one unit into alignment with the shoulder I1 of the underlying unit. While in this instance the underlapped side edge I1 of one unit lies in alignment with the shoulder I8 of the overlapping unit, this is not essential to the def sign. In other words, the length of the offset portions I3 and I4 on the shingle unit need not be equal, but it is preferable that the length of the offset portion I4 be at least as long as 'the offset portion I3.

If the side lap be not maintained, it is obvious that lack of alignment of the side edge I6 and the shoulder I1 will at once reveal this fact.

The gauging of the head lap and aligning of the overlapping courses is represented by a mark on the underlapped side edge of the shingle unit Owhichpessesthroughthecorner underlyingunitandisclinchedbetween e the latterandthelowermtthicknessofmatee .m imm leel'ig.3). v layingaroof,eachunitispreferablyins downbyanaillldrlventhroughthe lower d corner of eech'unit. Buch nail penealso the underlying portion of-a shingle 3i trates ismed' inthe next lower course.- This nail is cove out of place before the portions Il and Il along the'lower edge of the is laid. so unit.. Thelongitudinsllocationofashingleunit next course of shingles u au@ m mmwmwmmmm mmmmmmi ammncmt .w m psmmmmm mwmemuw mam .mmdmm ,mmmmmmmu tdewwe m mnner summum w ie mmmwwwmm dm); mwimmm4 mmmmtdmm, :ummm mm isdeterminedbyabuttingitsedgelagainstthe upperportionflotthesideedgeiloi'theunit inthisnextunderlyingeoui'ae(|eel'ig.l).-

lven though a given shingle be improperly eourae.theobiiquity of oneshingle an ol inthecoursesincetlle thenextshinglemustbelocatedin upperedgelloithelower theaforesaidareas werds, the faulty placing of one board can be located. :o shingleslightlyobliquetotheproper direction Obviously the invention is not limited to the details of'the illustrative construction, since which must4 be laid with its these may be variously modied. Moreover, it mark Il in register with the upper edge 22 oi' is not indispensable that all features of the inthe lower course. Thus the head lap is not provention be used conjointly since various features gressively reduced as is often the case in the may be used to advantage in different combina- 35 tions and sub-combinations.

ordinary Dutch-lap roonng where the erroneous placing o! one shingle may be cumulative Having desci-ibed nw invention, I claim: throughout the course, or at any rate, is not de- 1. Roofing of the character described compristected in to prevent a drastic adjustment ing in combination a plurality of. overlapping o and consequent insuilicient protection. courses of shingle units, the units of each course 40 In the present instance the inclined portion being lapped along their side margins by adjali of e side edge o! the unit terminates at a cent units, the extremities of the lower edge oi' t Il and the balance 24 of the edge cloneach unit being oil'set predetermined distances ues right angles to the longitudinal edge .from the respective side edges, said oset portions the shingle (or paniiei u the poi-fion n) for being in sainement and the side margin of the 45 ce equal to the length or the portion 2l, overlapping unit being in alinement with the exthe ends of the shingle units tremity of the underlying offset, a portion of the reversely cnpleinentni as illustrated in dotted underlappins side edse 0f ewch unit diversing lines of Fig. 4. This not only provides a suppletoward the lower edge of the course and termiu mental gauge mark at the point 23, but eii'ects nating at a predetermined distance from the 50 a mbstantial economy in the use of material by lower edge of the unit, said point of termination permittingv a substantial side o, while emof each unit being located in register with the upper edge oi' the next underlying course.

tin of ploying no more material than if thev side lap u w d .0. um ms een m el... 0n maw ,mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m Xmmmemrgmmm dvmsrudelmovmcmgemed r fmnfnmnmnwmmm mommwmmmwmmmmmmmnu dwmmmdmmuammmmewm rmmnmmmmmsmmm mmmmawm .mmwmmmmmmam smmmmwmmmm mi muuo ..1 ,tdw e 1 S, mmimsmmmmmm .memrumimmm @essere News ....mgsmmm merma m mdmmmdmm nommen meer@ @comme ammira mmemwnmmmm mmmwmnmmm D.. mt tw mi.

n ...m am w .warmem ,smeer m nmt m did me dem um mmmwmmmmmmm www mdmmmmmmmmm mmpt eeemmwime madman magnum @cammina magma@ im me@ etwa@ nmmwmm m.. mumummuuum im um w u w u n action oi' heat and sun, if the free portions or the umts of the next lower course. u corners or the shingles are not 'fastened down.

3. A shingle unit ci the'character described" comprising a body made of ilexible roofing material, the lower edge of the unit being offset at each end, the length of the offset portion being equal to the desired side lap of the unit when laid in a roof, said oifset portions of adjacent units in a course being adapted to be overlapped in register to provide offsets in the lower edge of a course of units, and one side edge of the unit diverging outwardly toward the lower edge, the diverging portion of said side edge terminating short of the lower edge by a distance equivalent to the desired head lap of the unit when laid in a roof.

4. Roong of the character described comprising in combination a plurality of overlapping courses of generally rectangular shingle units, the units of each course being lapped along their side edges to provide a Dutch-lap arrangement of shingles, ea/chend of the lower edge of each unit.

being offset for a distance equal to the desired amount of. side lap, the offset portions of overlapping units being in register thereby to insure the desired side lap and to aline units with each other, a side edge of said unit being provided with a shoulder spaced from the lower edge of the unit a distance equal to the amount of head lap of said courses, the shoulders of each unit being in register with the upper edge of the next lower course and the opposite upper corner of each unit being in alinement with the upper edge of the adjacent unit of that course.

5. Roofing of the character described comprising in combination a plurality of overlapping courses of shingle units, the units of each course being lapped along their side margins by adjacent units to provide a Dutch-lap arrangement of shingles, the lower edge of each unit being offset adjacent the sides of the shingle by distances equivalent to the amount of side lap at the lower edge of such units, the offset portions of the edge of overlapping units being in register thereby to form oisets in the outline of the lower edge of each course which provide visual indications that the'units have the desired side lap.

MARTIN G. OREILLY. 

